Historical review on the patterns of open innovation at the national level: the case of the roman period

As a result of the open innovation dissemination, the necessity of open innovation is being magnified in the theory of national innovation system. Nevertheless, research on the relationship between the open innovation and national innovation system is insufficient so far. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the open innovation cases of Roman era with the framework of national innovation system. We discovered and analyzed the case of Roman era such as Acquisition, In-sourcing, Collaboration, User innovation and Spin-off among the several type of open innovation. We expect that this research can help the establishment of future national innovation policy.