Background: Osteogenesis, the process of new bone formation, is critical for skeletal development, repair, and remodeling. Inflammation plays a beneficial role in the early stages of wound healing. However, chronic inflammation can impair osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. Objective: While multiple reviews have discussed osteoimmunology, few have analyzed the role of anti-inflammatory agents in modulating osteogenesis across different drug classes and signaling pathways. Then, this review aims to explore the modulatory effects of antiinflammatory agents on osteogenesis and assess their therapeutic potential in bone-related disorders. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of recent studies was conducted. The focus was on the interaction between anti-inflammatory agents and osteogenesis, bone regeneration, cytokines, inflammation, osteoblasts, bone healing, immunomodulation, and bone remodeling. Results: The review found that anti-inflammatory agents, such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and biologics, influence osteogenesis through modulation of signaling pathways including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK. Discussion: These agents can either promote or inhibit bone formation depending on timing, dosage, and context. Select compounds showed promise in enhancing bone repair by reducing detrimental inflammation while preserving osteoblast function. Conclusion: A nuanced understanding of the interplay between inflammation and osteogenesis is essential. Targeted use of anti-inflammatory agents could improve therapeutic strategies for bone healing and regeneration, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Kourabbaslou et al. (2026) studied this question.