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Small scale experiments were designed to investigate effects of lateral spacing between bridge piers on scour depth. The scouring process is effected by two processes: (1) The interaction of the horseshoe vortices around the bases of the piers; and (2) the acceleration of flow between the piers. Equations are derived for clear water scour, for one set of pier geometrics, one water depth and one sediment type.
Elliott et al. (1985) studied this question.