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Strength reduction factors which permit estimation of inelastic strength demands from elastic strength demands are evaluated. Results from various investigations of strength reduction factors carried out over the last 30 years are reviewed, and their results are presented in a common format which facilitates their comparison. The main parameters that affect the magnitude of strength reductions are discussed. The evaluation of the results indicates that strength reductions are primarily influenced by the maximum tolerable displacement ductility demand, the period of the system and the soil conditions at the site. Simplified expressions of strength reduction factors to estimate inelastic design spectra as functions of these primary‐influencing parameters are presented.
Miranda et al. (1994) studied this question.