ABSTRACT Conventional space vector modulation for five‐level active neutral point clamped converters requires reference vector identification across 96 modulation regions, resulting in complex dwell‐time calculations and a high computational burden. Although various approaches have been proposed to alleviate this issue, most still rely on region identification and multi‐stage modulation processes, leading to considerable control and computational complexity. This paper proposes a direct space vector modulation based on a single unified formula derived from the dwell‐time expressions of intermediate switching states. The proposed method enables direct computation of switching on‐state times over the entire modulation range without sector or region identification or multi‐stage modulation processes, thereby significantly reducing implementation complexity. Furthermore, its simple and structured formulation enables DC‐link voltage balancing through on‐state time adjustment and reduces common‐mode voltage. Experimental results from a 3‐kW prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under various operating conditions.
Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.