This research explores the integration of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) with circular supply chain (CSC) models, highlighting the need to address implementation risks that hinder widespread adoption. The study aims to identify and prioritise solutions to mitigate these risks by employing a novel spherical fuzzy Bayesian best-worst method (SF-BBWM) for risk assessment, and a spherical fuzzy evaluation based on distance from average solution (SF-EDAS) to rank solutions. Through an empirical case study of an Indian textile manufacturing company, the effectiveness of this framework is demonstrated. Sensitivity analysis further validates the robustness of the findings. This research offers a practical decision-making tool to assist practitioners, policymakers, and academicians in managing risks related to CSC implementation in the context of I5.0. The study provides valuable insights into how smart technologies and circular principles can be effectively harmonised to drive sustainability and innovation in supply chains.
Majiwala et al. (2026) studied this question.