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The term geopolitical economy has been used in a variety of ways within geography and other disciplines. This introduction to the special issue on geopolitical economies of development and democratization in East Asia discusses two of the major ways in which the term has been used—as “geographical political economy” and as “geopolitics plus political economy”—outlining an approach to articulation of these two forms of geopolitical economy.
Jim Glassman (2017) studied this question.