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IBM has designed special cryptographic processors for its servers for more than 25 years. These began as very simple devices, but over time the requirements have become increasingly complex, and there has been a never-ending demand for increased speed. This paper describes the PCIXCC, the new coprocessor introduced in the IBM z990 server. In many ways, PCIXCC is a watershed design. For the first time, a single product satisfies all requirements across all IBM server platforms. It offers the performance demanded by today's Web servers, it supports the complex and specialized cryptographic functions needed in the banking and finance industry, and it uses packaging technology that leads the world in resistance to physical or electrical attacks against its secure processes and the secret data it holds. Furthermore, it is programmable and highly flexible, so that its function can be easily modified to meet new requirements as they appear. These features are possible because of innovative design in both the hardware and embedded software for the card. This paper provides an overview of that design.
Arnold et al. (2004) studied this question.