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June 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Unified Bulk-Viscous Cosmology and Structural Regime Stratification

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LHLee Holmes

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore how bulk viscous vacuum thermodynamics interacts with galaxy rotation curves to address late-time cosmic acceleration and Hubble tension.
  • Integrated bulk viscous vacuum thermodynamics framework with empirical galaxy structural classification.
  • Utilized calibrated relaxation operators from multi-variable data fitting to analyze galaxy rotation curves.
  • Employed structural regime classification to assess emergent gravity in different galactic deformation states.
  • Identified that vacuum dynamics create geometric back-pressure regulating cosmic expansion without dark matter requirements.
  • Showed emergent gravity force-law changes with galactic deformation, suggesting it's not universal.
  • Provided a new metric for comparing gravity theories with real-world data, enhancing empirical validation.

Abstract

The project description serves as the central administrative hub for this research series. It integrates the bulk viscous vacuum thermodynamics framework with the empirical structural classification of galaxy rotation curves derived from the SPARC database. This work demonstrates that the vacuum functions as a dynamic thermodynamic medium capable of generating restorative geometric back-pressure which natively regulates expansion without requiring dark sector profiles. The core of this research utilizes the calibrated relaxation operator derived from multi-variable data fitting to resolve the observed late-time acceleration and the current cosmological Hubble tension. A major empirical advancement in this work is the application of the structural regime classification to Verlinde's Emergent Gravity. By analyzing the rotation-curve residuals across four distinct topological regimes, the findings reveal that the emergent gravity force-law is not universal but varies systematically according to the galactic deformation state. This provides a new, falsifiable metric for comparing theoretical gravity models against real-world galactic telemetry. This project represents a formal empirical preprint matrix. The underlying mathematical derivations, cosmological constants, and regime classifications are the exclusive intellectual property of the author Lee Holmes and are protected under German law. The structural modeling and metadata organization were conducted with the assistance of artificial intelligence to ensure professional clarity. Technical archives and supporting datasets including the structural transformation matrices and high-resolution SPARC residual logs are preserved within the open-source project directory.

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Cite This Study

Lee Holmes (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1e72e830b38c64201b610ahttps://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/6p4v7
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