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June 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The Point is Not a Necessary Foundation of Mathematics: Why Geometric Structure is Logically Prior to the Structureless Primitive

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APAlexey (KAMAZ) Petrov

Key Points

  • The work aims to challenge the necessity of the point as a foundational element in mathematics by proposing geometric structures as alternatives.
  • Logical analysis of existing set theories like ZFC.
  • Development of △-ontology to support the argument.
  • Examination of geometric figures, particularly the Infinium △₁ₓ₁, to illustrate foundational concepts.
  • Established that points are derivable from more complex geometric figures.
  • Proposed that the Infinium △₁ₓ₁ serves as a minimal and natural foundational structure.
  • Claimed that this new perspective does not contradict classical mathematics but rather enhances its understanding.

Abstract

Classical mathematics, formalized in set theories such as ZFC, relies on the point as an ontological primitive — a zero-dimensional object devoid of parts and internal structure. The present work demonstrates a fundamental logical asymmetry: constructing the dimensional and structured from the dimensionless and structureless requires an unjustified axiomatic leap. It is shown that mathematics admits a reverse procedure: any geometric figure can be taken as the initial atom, and the point can be obtained as a degenerate limit of infinite subdivision of that figure. Since the whole of mathematics has already been constructed, it suffices to coordinate the reverse mapping — and the existing edifice of mathematics turns out to be rebuilt on a new foundation, without contradiction with itself. Among all possible figures, the minimal complexity and maximal naturalness belong to the Infinium △₁ₓ₁ (a right isosceles triangle with legs 1 and hypotenuse √2). Its unique properties (orthogonality, self-similarity, irrational hypotenuse) make the reassembly of mathematics most transparent. The approach presented — △‑ontology — does not refute classical mathematics but derives it as a special case in which the point is understood as a derivative of a more fundamental structure. This article is of a logical-philosophical and justificatory nature, systematically setting forth the argument that the point is not obligatory and that a structural primitive offers decisive advantages.

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Cite This Study

Alexey (KAMAZ) Petrov (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1e734530b38c64201b67fbhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20478387
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