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Introduction: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is associated with a poor prognosis. Traditional chemotherapy has demonstrated limited efficacy for PBL. There is currently no standard treatment for patients with refractory or relapsing PBL. While CAR-T therapy has shown promising outcomes in leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, evidence of its application in PBL remains scarce. Case presentation: We describe a 56-year-old patient diagnosed with PBL. The patient achieved short-term remission with bortezomib in combination with etoposide, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin as first-line therapy. After disease progression, the patient received daratumumab combined with GemOx as second-line treatment but showed no response. Tumor biopsy after disease progression revealed strong positive CD22 and partial positive CD19 expression. The patient received CD19 and CD22 CAR-T therapies as the third-line treatment and achieved durable complete remission for more than one year with good tolerance. Conclusion: A patient with refractory PBL achieved durable complete remission after CD19 and CD22 CAR-T therapies, suggesting this treatment may be effective for patients with refractory or relapsing PBL.
Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.