Cell surface localization and function of the cell envelope proteinase derived from the lactic acid bacteria strains

, as well as targeted genetic engineering strategies to enhance the release of customized peptides. Furthermore, we emphasize the underexplored health applications of CEP-derived bioactive peptides, while critically addressing challenges in peptide stability and bioavailability. By integrating structural-functional relationships, metabolic implications, and translational hurdles, it aims to guide future research toward industrial and clinical exploitation of CEPs for functional food innovation and therapeutic development.