Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in managerial decision-making, yet innovation research has not fully explained how AI-enabled decision environments condition the influence of CEO traits on innovation strategy and outcomes. This conceptual paper examines CEO self-monitoring—leaders’ tendency to adapt behavior to social cues, manage impressions, and respond to external evaluation—as a trait that shapes innovation in AI-enabled decision environments. The problem addressed is that existing research often treats CEO traits, innovation, and AI-enabled decision-making separately, leaving underdeveloped how AI amplifies the leadership conditions under which innovation strategies and outcomes vary. Drawing on upper-echelons theory, self-monitoring research, the ability–motivation–opportunity framework, and the AI-enabled decision-making literature, we develop propositions explaining how AI-enabled decision environments condition the relationship between CEO self-monitoring and innovation-strategy volatility, innovation-strategy alignment, innovation-outcome quality, and innovation-outcome variability. The framework suggests that high self-monitoring CEOs may recalibrate innovation priorities more frequently while keeping innovation activity closer to recognizable industry norms. It further proposes that self-monitoring may improve innovation-outcome quality by mobilizing employees toward visible, high-potential initiatives, but it may also widen innovation-outcome variability through high-visibility, high-uncertainty innovation bets. AI-enabled decision environments are theorized to amplify these relationships by increasing algorithmic visibility, feedback velocity, and signal density. This paper concludes that AI should be understood not as an autonomous engine of innovation performance but as a contextual amplifier of leadership-driven innovation variance.
Vlas et al. (2026) studied this question.