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June 3, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Revealing global stoichiometry conservation architecture in cells from Raman spectral patterns

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KKKen-ichiro F. KameiKKKoseki J. Kobayashi-KirschvinkTNTakashi Nozoe

Key Points

  • This research aims to understand how cells maintain stability and adaptability through their molecular structures.
  • Raman scattering light was measured from Escherichia coli cells under various conditions.
  • Dimension-reduced Raman spectra were analyzed to predict condition-specific proteome profiles.
  • Mathematical analysis was employed to correlate stoichiometry conservation relations with gene essentiality.
  • A low-dimensional hierarchical stoichiometry-conserving proteome structure was identified.
  • Network centrality of genes correlated with their essentiality and evolutionary conservation.
  • Core components maintain homeostasis, while peripheral components facilitate adaptation to specific conditions.

Abstract

Cells can adapt to various environments by changing their biomolecular profiles while maintaining physiological homeostasis. What organizational principles in cells enable the simultaneous realization of adaptability and homeostasis? To address this question, we measure Raman scattering light from Escherichia coli cells under diverse conditions, whose spectral patterns convey their comprehensive molecular composition. We reveal that dimension-reduced Raman spectra can predict condition-dependent proteome profiles. Quantitative analysis of the Raman-proteome correspondence characterizes a low-dimensional hierarchical stoichiometry-conserving proteome structure. The network centrality of each gene in the stoichiometry conservation relations correlates with its essentiality and evolutionary conservation, and these correlations are preserved from bacteria to human cells. Furthermore, stoichiometry-conserving core components obey growth law and ensure homeostasis across conditions, whereas peripheral stoichiometry-conserving components enable adaptation to specific conditions. Mathematical analysis reveals that the stoichiometrically constrained architecture is reflected in major changes in Raman spectral patterns. These results uncover coordination of global stoichiometric balance in cells and demonstrate that vibrational spectroscopy can decipher such biological constraints beyond statistical or machine-learning inference of cellular states.

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Cite This Study

Kamei et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1fc47adee9eb8c0dce5f7bhttps://doi.org/10.6082/2sxjg-8yx57
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