Faced with challenges such as declining system inertia and increased oscillation risks due to the weakening of synchronous stability mechanisms in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, the deep strategic value of grid-forming energy storage—a key technology capable of autonomously establishing grid voltage and frequency—proves difficult to fully quantify within traditional economically-oriented energy storage evaluation systems. To address this, this paper constructs a comprehensive value evaluation indicator system for grid-forming energy storage encompassing four dimensions: stability, economic efficiency, reliability, and synergy. It proposes a hybrid decision-making model integrating a combined weighting method Grey-DEMATEL-CRITIC-Game Theory and a comprehensive evaluation approach GRA-MARCOS, to achieve scientific quantification and precise comparison of the multi-dimensional value of grid-forming energy storage. Case studies across five typical application scenarios reveal that the indicators for renewable energy hosting capacity increase, critical load guarantee duration, and virtual inertia support capacity rank highest in weight, highlighting the core value of grid-forming energy storage in system synergy, reliable support, and stability enhancement. The comprehensive evaluation results show that the overall utility function values across the scenarios range between 0.4110 and 0.4484, ranked as follows: High-Penetration Renewable Energy Base (0.4484) > Industrial Park (0.4446) > Islanded Microgrid (0.4406) > Urban Power Grid (0.4254) > Remote Weak Grid (0.4110). This verifies the model’s effectiveness in discerning the value realisation degree of grid-forming energy storage across different scenarios. Further validation confirms that the proposed method outperforms traditional models in both ranking consistency and sample discrimination, demonstrating strong robustness and distinguishing capability.
Huo et al. (2026) studied this question.