Power transformers are among the most important components of electrical power systems, ensuring efficient transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The operational efficiency, reliability, and service life of transformers depend significantly on their operating conditions. This paper analyzes the operating and short-circuit modes of power transformers, evaluates power losses under different loading conditions, and investigates energy- and resource-saving approaches. The study examines the relationship between transformer loading and efficiency, assesses thermal effects during short-circuit conditions, and proposes measures to improve transformer performance. The obtained results demonstrate that the application of modern energy-saving technologies and optimized operating conditions can significantly reduce energy losses and extend transformer service life.
Toirov et al. (2026) studied this question.