, effectively preventing fluid shear-induced damage while ensuring dynamic nutrient exchange. Regarding the material strategy, this study revealed the concentration-dependent degradation kinetics of GelMA hydrogels. Leveraging their "fast-then-slow" degradation behavior, we recapitulated the mechanical transition of the endometrium, aligning our matrix's softening profile with the physiological shift toward the receptive state characteristic of the implantation window. Biological experiments demonstrated that the GelMA-based hydrogel significantly enhanced the adhesion and zona hatching rates of mouse blastocysts compared to traditional static cultures. Furthermore, by integrating this biomimetic scaffold into a dynamically perfused microfluidic platform, we successfully established a robust in vitro model of mouse embryo implantation.
Shi et al. (2026) studied this question.