Ravine formation is a significant geomorphological process that contributes to land degradation, particularly in the semi-arid and arid regions. In India, ravine landscapes, especially those found in the Chambal, Narmada and Deccan Plateau regions, have been subjected to severe erosion, leading to the loss of productive land and affecting local communities. Despite several reclamation efforts, the success of these initiatives remains variable, highlighting the complexity of managing ravine ecosystems. This study provides a comprehensive review of ravine formation processes, the factors influencing their expansion, and the effectiveness of various reclamation strategies implemented across different regions. The article draws from both international and national research, with an emphasis on the geomorphological, environmental and socio-economic dimensions of ravine management. Key factors such as soil erosion, deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices are discussed, alongside a detailed analysis of the policy frameworks and land management practices in India. The study identifies significant gaps in existing research and practices, particularly in the integration of community-based approaches and long-term monitoring of reclamation projects. The aim of this work is to offer a comprehensive understanding of ravine formation and provide policy recommendations that can enhance the effectiveness of future reclamation and management strategies. The findings have implications for sustainable land use and can inform global discussions on soil conservation and desertification processes.
Gupta et al. (2026) studied this question.