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We are in an energy crisis caused by years of neglect to alternative energy sources. There are many possible solutions and a number of these are based on microorganisms. These include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, biohydrocarbons, methane, methanol, electricity-generating microbial fuel cells, and production of hydrogen via photosynthetic microbes. In this review, I will focus on the first four possibilities.
Arnold L. Demain (2009) studied this question.