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This paper comments on an article by A. Baird (Maritime Policy and Management, volume 23, number 2, 145-156) regarding upstream ports with restricted maritime accessibility, such as Antwerp and Hamburg. The author of this comment raises questions about the accuracy and validity of Baird's paper and aims to clarify, correct, and extend the results of the analysis originally conducted by Baird, with an emphasis on the competitive position of the port of Antwerp. The author of this comment concludes that the issue of accessibility in Hamburg and Antwerp is less problematic than suggested by Baird.
Notteboom et al. (1997) studied this question.