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The thermal properties of the Ultralife SSS/sup TM/ Lithium Ion Battery are investigated, with cell laminate thermal stability and heat capacity reported, as well as thermal calorimetry performed upon a cell stack having an initial capacity of 12.476 Ah during charge and discharge cycling at temperatures of 3, 10, 20, and 40/spl deg/C. Thermal energy represents 3.7 and 7.8% of total energy with discharge currents of 2 and 5 A respectively at 20/spl deg/C. The thermal energy during charge, at 2 and 5 A, represents 3.6 and 7.3% of total energy respectively. The major contributor to thermal performance during charge/discharge cycling is the cell impedance.
Hollandsworth et al. (1997) studied this question.