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Abstract Conducted studies to identify psychosocial correlates of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Batteries of psychosocial instruments were administered twice to 2000 students in four different high schools one month apart. As with adults, dysphoria was correlated with a wide range of difficulties, with girls reporting significantly more symptoms. From the two self-reports of depression, four groups were formed: high-high, high-low, low-high, and low-low. Girls were disproportionately represented among the high-high group. Some variables were concomitants of dysphoria. Others were more stable characteristics of adolescents either resistant or prone to becoming depressed, or were either risk or protective factors for increased dysphoria.
Hops et al. (1990) studied this question.