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The formation of wave-like patterns in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the ocean surface caused by orbital motions is investigated. Furthermore, the degradation in azimuthal resolution due to these motions is calculated by applying a least square fit to the phase history. Formulas are given which describe the variation of intensity in azimuthal direction in the image plane as well as the degradation in azimuthal resolution as a function of ocean wave amplitude, wave frequency, direction of wave propagation, and radar wavelength, incidence angle, and integration time.
Alpers et al. (1979) studied this question.