Bio- mediated synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Smilax Ehineusis Linn Root extract and its photodegradation activity

A major problem in developing nations is the lack of access to clean water and sanitary conditions. A catalyst based on environmentally benign, bio-mediated synthesized nanoparticles could be a viable option for wastewater treatment. The root extract from Smilax Ehineusis Linn was utilized in this study to create inexpensive, non-toxic Nickel Oxide nanoparticles. The face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure of the bio-mediated synthesized Nickel Oxide nanoparticles was demonstrated using X-ray diffraction. The EDAX spectrum was used to assess the chemical purity of the nanoparticles, the produced sample contains 41.26 % nickel (Ni) and 58.74 % oxygen, while SEM image were used to examine their surface morphology. The average particle size of the NiO nanoparticles was 120–140 nm. The different functional groups present in the nanoparticles and the purity of the produced samples were examined Using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nickel oxide nanoparticles that were biosynthesized were able to remove the color from the dyes Rhodamine B, Eosin Yellow, and Methylene Blue. The photodegradation experiment was performed many times, and the result showed the same reproducibility with clear identical degradation. Nickel Oxide nanoparticles' (NPs') exhibit wider absorption bands and larger surface areas resulting in better photocatalytic activity when exposed to sunlight.