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Exploiting smart cities with digital twins (SCDT) requires the integration of sensing and simulation across diverse infrastructure systems into community management. Community disaster management can provide a valuable foundation for SCDT development. The current work proposes and tests a conceptual model of a SCDT for disaster management and describes two threats to SCDT development that can be mitigated by focusing development on disaster management. Information loops, as opposed to individual components, are identified as a critical future focus of SCDT development. Primary contributions include support for SCDT development for disaster management, a conceptual SCDT for disaster management model, and a discussion of issues to be addressed in the development and deployment of SCDT for disaster management.
Ford et al. (2020) studied this question.