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Cathode materials with both high capacity and high operating voltage are essential for advancing aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Conventional high-capacity materials, such as vanadium-based compounds, typically deliver low discharge voltages. In contrast, organic cathodes show high operating voltages but often exhibit limited capacity. The present study focuses on developing hybrid cathodes composed of organic (amino PEG amine, APA) and inorganic (ammonium vanadium oxide, NVO) components, referred to as APA-NVO, featuring a dual energy-storage mechanism specifically designed to achieve a wide operating voltage of 1.9 V and provide exceptionally durable ZIBs.
Zafar et al. (2025) studied this question.