Effectiveness of Telemedicine Nursing Interventions in the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing global health issue, linked to chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Nursing staff could play a significant role in managing obesity, with telemedicine being a potentially effective tool for monitoring weight and caloric intake. However, the effectiveness of telemedicine-based nursing interventions in managing obesity and overweight remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing telemedicine interventions in managing overweight and obesity in adults. METHOD: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and involved a literature search in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were in English, involved adults with a BMI over 25, and evaluated nursing-led telemedicine interventions (non-randomized and randomized controlled studies). Study quality was assessed using the Down and Black checklist. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four moderate-quality articles were included. The nursing-led telemedicine interventions, delivered through digital platforms, mobile apps, and remote monitoring, focused on health education and motivational strategies to promote self-regulation and dietary improvements. The meta-analysis showed that, compared to traditional approaches, nursing-led interventions resulted in an average weight loss of 2.59 kg (95% CI: - 3.09 to - 2.08), a reduction of 1.05 kg/m² in BMI (95% CI: - 1.50 to - 0.60), and a decrease of 2.52 cm in waist circumference (95% CI: - 2.96 to - 2.09). CONCLUSION: Nursing telemedicine interventions are effective in promoting short-term weight loss and lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to assess long-term effects and the impact of different interventions.