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The battery energy storage system is an essential enabling device of the smart grid, because it helps grid connection of massive renewable energy resources. This paper has a brief discussion on a battery energy storage system based on a multilevel cascade pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converter for its practical use. The active-power control of individual converter cells is presented to make it possible to charge and discharge the battery units at different power levels while producing a three-phase balanced line-to-line voltage. This results in the maximum utilization of battery energy even when the power-handling capabilities of the battery units differ. Experimental results obtained from a 200-V, 10-kW, 3.6-kWh battery energy storage system verify the effectiveness of the presented active-power control.
Maharjan et al. (2010) studied this question.