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Enabling renewable generation integration to the power grids has become an essential element of the smart grid roadmap. As electric utilities prepare to meet the Renewable Portfolio Standard goals, advanced sensing and communication technologies can be used to facilitate renewable integration. The Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) is becoming an attractive mitigation approach to maintain transmission system reliability and security, while deferring transmission capital investment. Besides, RAS can bring in valuable operation information for generation analytical model development. In this paper, the role of RAS in the mitigation of renewable integration issues is presented. A need for an effective centralized RAS implementation strategy under the framework of Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control methodology is also discussed.
Wen et al. (2010) studied this question.