The European Girls’ Mathematical Olympiad (EGMO) was launched in 2012 to increase female participation in international mathematics competitions. Each year, four of the most mathematically talented girls from each participating country compete in the EGMO. In this article, we match each EGMO medalist with male participants from the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and compare their career paths. In the full sample, we found no statistically significant gender differences in international mobility. However, girls were less likely than boys to choose mathematics as their undergraduate major, to complete a PhD, and to publish. They were more likely to attend a top-10 global university, but this result is only marginally significant in some specifications. When we restrict the sample to EGMO medalists who also participated in the IMO, obtaining a first degree in the United States or the United Kingdom becomes statistically significant, and attending a top-10 global university remains only marginally significant in some specifications, while the other factors lose statistical significance.
Tolga Yuret (2026) studied this question.