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DSM-III diagnoses were established for 100 patients with chronic insomnia. Principal and additional diagnoses on axis I and II (psychiatric and personality disorders) were extremely prevalent. Only five patients had a principal diagnosis on axis III (physical disorders). The most common diagnoses on axis I were dysthymic, anxiety, somatoform, and substance use disorders. Compulsive personality disorder or trait was the most common axis II diagnosis. Ninety-five patients had multiple diagnoses. This study confirms that patients with chronic insomnia have a high prevalence of psychopathology and characteristic internalizing patterns of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, phobia, and excessive somatic concerns.
Tan et al. (1984) studied this question.