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A model for time-limited group treatment of exiled survivors of torture is presented and the importance of placing such traumatic experiences in a sociopolitical context is emphasized. The model is illustrated by descriptions of work with a group made up of Central and South American refugees. Therapeutic techniques are proposed that focus on symptoms of torture-related post-traumatic stress disorder, allowing group members to attain gradual psychological reorganization.
Fischman et al. (1990) studied this question.