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THE term "edema" is applied to swellings produced by excessive accumulation of extracellular fluid without definite bounding membranes. These may be local or general. They are usually, but not always, associated with expansion of the total extracellular fluid of the body. They are even more loosely correlated with the total amount of water in the body. The simplest example of the formation of edema without change of the volume of fluid in the body is the swelling of the feet of a subject who stands still or rests in a relaxed position against a board at an angle of 60°. . . .
John P. Peters (1948) studied this question.