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Effective pain management in prehospital settings remains a significant challenge, particularly for patients with acute trauma. This report examines the complexities of conducting prehospital pain studies, focusing on two clinical trials as case studies. The first trial implemented a novel two-step informed consent process, which, despite its innovation, faced logistical challenges and introduced biases favoring the enrollment of less severely injured patients. The second study, conducted under the federal regulatory pathway for Exception from Informed Consent (EFIC), successfully addressed consent challenges but restricted enrollment to severely injured patients to meet EFIC regulatory requirements. Both studies excluded women of childbearing age due to concerns about fetal safety. These limitations underscore the urgent need for regulatory revisions to expand research with alteration of informed consent, enabling the development of new interventions for prehospital pain management.
Linke et al. (2025) studied this question.