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Because of the introduction of competition in the electricity supply industry, it has become much more important to be able to determine which generators are supplying a particular load, how much use each generator is making of a transmission line and what is each generator's contribution to the system losses. This paper describes a technique for answering these questions which is not limited to incremental changes and which is applicable to both active and reactive power. Starting from a power flow solution, the technique first identifies the busses which are reached by power produced by each generator. Then it determines the sets of buses supplied by the same generators. Using proportionality assumption, it is then possible to calculate the contribution of each generator to the loads and flows. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using a 30-bus example.
Kirschen et al. (1997) studied this question.