India is undergoing a dramatic demographic shift. Driven by declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy, the country's population of adults aged 60 and older is expanding rapidly (Agarwal et al., 2016). Projections indicate that by 2050, older adults will constitute approximately 19% of India's total population—exceeding 324 million individuals. While this "older adult boom" reflects massive strides in public health and medicine, it presents a highly complex matrix of socio-economic and healthcare challenges. To systematically address these issues, gerontological and sociological frameworks provide vital structural perspectives. By analyzing the intersection of health, financial structures, and shifting social systems, we can unpack the multi-layered vulnerabilities of India's aging landscape. This perspective splits geriatric vulnerability into two distinct components: physical fragility (e.g., physiological decline, biological deterioration, susceptibility to chronic illness) and social vulnerability (e.g., erosion of traditional social capital, shrinking support networks) (Sahu, 2023). When a family or community views physical fragility strictly as a burden, social networks fray, triggering severe psychological distress, alienation, and elevated risks of elder abuse or neglect. This research paper is going to highlight the Geriatric population in India, vulnerabilities and healthcare challenges: A Theoretical Perspective. At present the penetration of urbanisation the elderly people are more isolated than before. The growing market economy and time constraint restricts sharing and caring concept of the family life.
Mamata Khandayatray (2026) studied this question.