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One of the fundamental technical problems in aeronautical digital communications is that of multipath propagation between aircraft and ground terminal. This paper examines in detail a model of the received multipath signal that is useful for application of modern detection and estimation theories. The model treats arbitrary modulation and covers the selective and nonselective cases. The necessarily nonstationary statistics of the received signal are determined from the link geometry and the surface roughness parameters via a Kirchhoff solution. Use of the model in solving detection and estimation problems is outlined. Results of a flight experiment are presented and compared to a digital simulation for verification of the model.
Painter et al. (1973) studied this question.