Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Applications: A Systematic Review

The field of nanotechnology has seen remarkable progress with the emergence of silver nanoparticles, which are recognised for their unique physicochemical properties and diverse applications. Among the various synthesis methods, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable nature. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the classification, properties, and various synthesis techniques for silver nanoparticles, with a particular focus on green synthesis approaches that employ biological sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. It discusses the factors influencing synthesis and stability, as well as key characterisation techniques used to assess the properties of the nanoparticles. Additionally, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of silver nanoparticles, including their roles in biomedical fields, environmental remediation, the textile industry, and agriculture. It also identifies future challenges and examines the potential of silver nanoparticles in developing advanced drug delivery systems and their contributions to environmental conservation.