Background and Objective Studies from the United States and Europe have documented an association between urolithiasis and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders; however, evidence from Latin America remains absent. This study estimated the nationwide prevalence of kidney stone disease in Colombia and assessed its co-occurrence with cardio-reno-metabolic comorbidities and major cardiovascular events.Methods We conducted a nationwide descriptive cross-sectional study using the Individual Health Service Provision Records (RIPS) registry (2010–2024). Urolithiasis was identified through ICD-10 codes. Healthcare-based prevalence was stratified by sex and age, and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated comparing individuals with versus without urolithiasis.Results and Limitations Among 65.4 million healthcare records, 1,838,661 (2.8%) included a diagnosis of urolithiasis, with slightly higher prevalence in men (2.9% vs. 2.6%). Cardio-reno-metabolic conditions were significantly more frequent among stone formers: hypertension (6.6% vs. 2.2%; PR≈3.0), dyslipidemia (7.3% vs. 2.5%; PR≈2.9), obesity (6.3% vs. 2.6%; PR≈2.5), and diabetes mellitus (7.3% vs. 2.6%; PR≈2.8). Major cardiovascular events were also more prevalent, including ischemic heart disease (7.4% vs. 2.7%; PR≈2.7) and stroke (5.5% vs. 2.8%; PR≈2.0). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) showed the greatest disparity (8.9% vs. 2.7%; PR≈3.3), with particularly pronounced associations in pediatric populations (PR 18.76 in children aged 0–9 years; PR 10.76 in adolescents). The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.Conclusions In this nationwide analysis, kidney stone disease is consistently associated with cardio-reno-metabolic comorbidities, supporting its integration within a broader cardiorenal-metabolic framework. The magnitude and consistency of these associations underscore the need for systematic cardiometabolic screening, renal function monitoring, and lifestyle counseling in stone formers. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causality and guide preventive strategies.
Solano et al. (2026) studied this question.