The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has catalyzed transformative advancements across multiple industries, enabling systems that perceive, communicate, and act autonomously. Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) leverage AI algorithms for decision-making, IoT sensors for data acquisition, and robotic actuators for interaction with the physical environment. Statistical projections indicate substantial market growth in AI-integrated robotic systems — for example, agricultural robotics markets are expected to reach approximately US 11. 9 billion by 2030 with a CAGR near 18. 5 %, while over 59 % of new agricultural robots now incorporate AI for navigation and task automation. These trends underscore a substantial research interest in AI-IoT-Robotics integration for applications like precision agriculture, industrial automation, healthcare, logistics, and smart environments. This paper reviews key technologies, challenges, and emerging research directions in this multidisciplinary field.
Mr. Santosh Sitaram Kopnar (2026) studied this question.