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June 15, 2018Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia5 citationsOpen Access

Assessment of cardiovascular risk and social framework of Cape Verdean university students studying in Portugal

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LTLiliana TavaresCCConceição CalhauJPJorge Polónia

Key Result

Cape Verdean students studying in Portugal had higher urinary sodium excretion (235 vs 194 mmol/24 h) and albuminuria (13.0 vs 5.7 μg/mg) compared to Portuguese students in Portugal.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=304)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Does migration to Europe increase cardiovascular risk markers in Cape Verdean university students compared to non-migrant peers and host country peers?

P
Population
304 university students aged 19-28 years, including Cape Verdeans in Portugal, Cape Verdeans in Cape Verde, and Portuguese in Portugal, assessed for cardiovascular risk factors.
E
Exposure
Migration/studying abroad (Cape Verdean students in Portugal)
C
Comparator
Cape Verdean students in Cape Verde (CV-CV) and Caucasian students in Portugal (PT-PT)
O
Outcome
Cardiovascular risk markers including blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, albuminuria, and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretionsurrogate

African immigrant university students in Europe exhibit higher cardiovascular risk markers, including blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and albuminuria, associated with less healthy lifestyles and worse socioeconomic conditions.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 235% vs 194%

p-value: p=<0.001

Abstract

The migration of African populations to Europe poses problems of adaptation that may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. We assessed the cardiovascular risk of Cape Verdean university students studying in Portugal (CV-PT) compared to Cape Verdean university students in Cape Verde (CV-CV) and to Caucasian university students in Portugal (PT-PT). A cross-sectional study was performed comparing three university populations, 54-62% female, aged 19-28 years: CV-PT (n=104), CV-CV (n=100) and PT-PT (n=100). Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), albuminuria and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UNa+) using the Kawasaki formula were measured. The CV-PT group had higher body mass index and sodium intake (UNa+: CV-PT 235±91, CV-CV 197±85, PT-PT 194±90 mmol/24 h; p<0.001), more sedentary lifestyles and worse socioeconomic, integration and adaptation indices compared to CV-CV and PT-PT. CV-PT and CV-CV also had higher systolic BP (CV-PT 119±12 mmHg, CV-CV 121±15 mmHg, PT-PT 107±14 mmHg; p<0.001), PWV (CV-PT 8.7±1.1, CV-CV 8.8±1.8, PT-PT 8.0±1.2 m/s; p<0.04), and albuminuria (CV-PT 13.0±34.1, CV-CV 9.2±21.2, PT-PT 5.7±6.4 μg/mg creatinine; p<0.04). Cape Verdean university students in Portugal (CV-PT) have higher albuminuria, BP and PWV values than PT-PT and CV-CV students, associated with less healthy lifestyles, higher cardiovascular risk and worse socioeconomic conditions. The higher cardiovascular risk in these African immigrants means that it is important to implement measures to address modifiable risk factors, to improve integration and to promote healthy lifestyles. O fenómeno de migração de populações africanas para a Europa coloca problemas de adaptação que podem propiciar um aumento do risco cardiovascular (CVas). É numerosa a população de estudantes de Cabo Verde (CV) a estudar em universidades portuguesas. Pretendemos avaliar níveis de adaptação socioeconómica e parâmetros de risco cardiovascular de estudantes de CV a estudar em Portugal (CV-PT) comparativamente a seus equivalentes a viver em CV (CV-CV) e a estudantes portugueses em Portugal (PT-PT). Estudo transversal comparativo de três populações universitárias com 54-62% mulheres, entre 19-28 anos: CV-PT (n = 104), CV-CV (n = 100) e PT-PT (n = 100). Procedeu-se a avaliação clínica, da pressão arterial (PA, média de três registos), da velocidade da onda de pulso (PWV), da albuminuria (MA micg/mg creatinina) e da excreção urinária de sodium de 24 h estimada pela fórmula de Kawasaki. A população CV-PT apresentou versus PT-PT e CV-CV piores índices socioeconómicos, de atividade física e de satisfação/integração e maior IMC, maior excreção urinária de sódio UNa+, CV-PT 235±91, CV-CV 197±85, PT-PT 194±90 mmol/24 h (p = 0,001) e albuminuria, CV-PT 13,0±34,1, CV-CV 9,2±21,2, PT-PT 5,7±6,4 mcg/mg creatinina (p = 0,039). A população CV-PT apresentou versus PT-PT, PA sistólica mais elevada: CV-PT 119±12, CV-CV 121±15, PT-PT 107±14 mmHg (p = 0,001) e maior rigidez aórtica, CV-PT 8,7±1,1, CV-CV 8,8±1,8, PT-PT 8,0±1,2 m/s (p = 0,038). Os alunos cabo-verdianos a estudar em universidades portuguesas (CV-PT) apresentam alterações de marcadores de risco cardiovascular (PA, peso, rigidez aórtica e albuminuria) associados a estilos de vida, condições socioeconómicas e de integração piores do que os CV-CV e PT-PT. Esses achados impõem estratégias preventivas dirigidas à modificação das condições socioeconómicas e à promoção de estilos de vida saudável.

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Cite This Study

Tavares et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular risk (n=304). Migration and studying abroad (Cape Verdean students in Portugal) vs. Cape Verdean students in Cape Verde and Portuguese students in Portugal was evaluated on Estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion (mmol/24 h) (p=<0.001). Cape Verdean students studying in Portugal had higher urinary sodium excretion (235 vs 194 mmol/24 h) and albuminuria (13.0 vs 5.7 μg/mg) compared to Portuguese students in Portugal.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2d9e2cde634568681bba56https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.027
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