A theoretical model defines ROSC as a phase transition when internal ionic gradient density crosses a critical threshold, analogous to the universe crossing its threshold at 10^-32 seconds.
CPR delivers external wave injection (Nₑxternal). ROSC occurs when internal ionic gradient density (Nᵢnternal) crosses critical threshold Nc — the point at which the cardiac KOKU scaffold sustains the three-layer loop autonomously. Three regimes are defined: Forced (V = Nₑxternal/D), Transition (V = (Nₑxternal + Nᵢnternal) /D), Autonomous (V = Nᵢnternal/D — ROSC). The transition is a phase transition, not gradual recovery — explaining the clinical suddenness of ROSC. Pre-mature CPR cessation fails because Nᵢnternal < Nc despite apparent ROSC from combined driving. Optimal defibrillation timing is defined as the moment Nᵢnternal reaches Nc — not a fixed time interval. The cosmological equivalent is identified: cosmic inflation as forced rhythm, autonomous dark-energy expansion as ROSC. The universe's Nᵢnternal crossed Nc at 10^-32 seconds post-singularity and has never re-arrested.
Yoshimitsu Katayama (2026) studied Cardiac arrest. Theoretical model of ROSC was evaluated. A theoretical model defines ROSC as a phase transition when internal ionic gradient density crosses a critical threshold, analogous to the universe crossing its threshold at 10^-32 seconds.