Encroachments on reproductive rights have been linked to democratic backsliding in polarized societies. This study examines how governmental and non-governmental actors advancing policy positions that aim to restrict reproductive rights are vectors of polarization that fuel democratic backsliding. In comparing the United States and Romania, the study considers democratic erosion in connection to its gendered dimension reflected in the institutionalization of pro-life stances that undermine women's reproductive rights and shape anti-abortion legislation. The analysis identifies three categories of actors – governmental institutions, religious institutions, and advocacy groups – and considers their capacity to shape policy dynamics that subvert gender rights by limiting women's autonomy and sanctioning their choices, while, at the same time, contributing to the consolidation of illiberal politics.
Ivănescu et al. (2026) studied this question.