Helen Fisher of Rutgers University, one of the world's foremost researchers on the neuroscience of romantic love, has described falling in love as one of the most addictive experiences the human brain can undergo. The neurochemical profile of early romantic attachment — flooding the brain with dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin fluctuations while suppressing the prefrontal cortex's capacity for rational evaluation — bears a striking structural resemblance to the neural signature of cocaine addiction. This article examines the neuroscience of love across its complete arc: from lust (driven by testosterone and oestrogen) through attraction (the dopaminergic reward surge) to deep attachment (oxytocin, vasopressin, and the recalibration of the brain's bonding systems). Drawing on Helen Fisher's fMRI studies of romantic love, Stony Brook University's longitudinal research on long-term attachment, oxytocin research from the University of Zurich, and the Vedic concept of Prema (unconditional love) as distinct from Kama (desire-based love), the article traces love not as a feeling but as a neurobiological state — one that rewires the brain, alters immune function, changes pain perception, and restructures personal identity. The research examines why heartbreak activates the same neural pathways as physical pain, why love can improve immune function and reduce cortisol, and what the ancient Indian tradition's distinction between Kama and Prema maps onto in neurobiological terms. The article concludes with reflections on what neuroscience and ancient wisdom together suggest about love as a practice rather than merely a feeling.
Narayan Rout (2026) studied this question.