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June 25, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Heart rate responses across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains during incremental ramp exercise in healthy young males

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ÇÖÇağrı ÖzdenkFUFethi Ahmet Uğur

Key Result

Heart rate increased progressively across exercise intensity domains during incremental ramp exercise, with the largest increase (52.1±13.0 beats, p<0.05) occurring below the lactate threshold.

Key Points

  • This research aims to characterize heart rate responses across different exercise intensity domains during incremental ramp exercise.
  • Fifty healthy young males performed an incremental ramp exercise test at 15 W/min until tolerance.
  • Lactate threshold and respiratory compensation point were measured to define exercise intensity domains.
  • Heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat with delta HR calculated across defined regions.
  • Heart rate increased progressively: 92.8 beats/min at warm-up, 144.9 at LT, 162.9 at RCP, and 188.6 at max.
  • The largest delta HR was noted from warm-up to LT (52.1 beats, p<0.05).
  • The work-to-HR ratio remained stable across intensity domains (p>0.05).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=50)

Structured PICO

P
Population
50 healthy young males (mean age 21.3 years) who performed an incremental ramp exercise test until tolerance.
E
Exposure
Incremental ramp exercise test (15 W/min) until tolerance
O
Outcome
Heart rate (HR) responses and delta HR across three exercise intensity domains (warm-up to lactate threshold, lactate threshold to respiratory compensation point, and respiratory compensation point to maximal exercise)surrogate

Heart rate increases progressively across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains with the largest increase below the lactate threshold, supporting its use as a practical marker for monitoring exercise intensity.

Abstract

Abstract The lactate threshold (LT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) are key physiological landmarks that demarcate moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains. However, detailed heart rate (HR) responses across these three domains during incremental ramp exercise have not been fully characterized. Fifty healthy young males (age: 21.3±1.3 years, BMI: 22.1±1.6 kg/m²) performed an incremental ramp exercise test (15 W/min) until tolerance. LT was determined using the V-slope method, and RCP was identified as the point where VE/VCO₂ began to increase systematically. HR was recorded beat-to-beat. Delta HR and delta work rate were calculated across three regions: warm-up to LT (0.05). HR increases progressively across moderate, heavy, and severe intensity domains during incremental ramp exercise in healthy young males, with the largest increase occurring below LT. The work-to-HR ratio remains stable across domains, suggesting that the efficiency of work production per heartbeat does not change significantly. These findings support the use of HR as a practical marker for monitoring exercise intensity across different metabolic domains. Keywords lactate threshold, respiratory compensation point, heart rate, exercise intensity domains, incremental exercise, ramp test Öz Laktat eşiği (LE) ve solunumsal kompanzasyon noktası (SKN), egzersiz şiddetinin orta, ağır ve şiddetli alanlarını ayırt eden temel fizyolojik belirteçlerdir. Bununla birlikte, artımlı rampa egzersizi sırasında bu üç egzersiz şiddeti alanı boyunca kalp atım hızı (KAH) yanıtları ayrıntılı olarak henüz tam anlamıyla karakterize edilmemiştir. Elli sağlıklı genç erkek katılımcı (yaş: 21,3±1,3 yıl; BKİ: 22,1±1,6 kg/m²), tolerans sınırına kadar sürdürülen artımlı rampa egzersiz testine (15 W/dk) katılmıştır. Laktat eşiği V-slope yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş, solunumsal kompanzasyon noktası ise VE/VCO₂ oranının sistematik olarak artmaya başladığı nokta olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kalp atım hızı atımdan atıma kaydedilmiştir. Delta KAH ve delta iş yükü üç bölge için hesaplanmıştır: ısınmadan laktat eşiğine kadar olan bölge (0,05). Sağlıklı genç erkeklerde artımlı rampa egzersizi sırasında kalp atım hızı orta, ağır ve şiddetli egzersiz şiddeti alanları boyunca kademeli olarak artmakta; en büyük artış laktat eşiğinin altında meydana gelmektedir. İş yükü/KAH oranının egzersiz şiddeti alanları boyunca stabil kalması, her kalp atımı başına üretilen iş verimliliğinin anlamlı biçimde değişmediğini düşündürmektedir. Bu bulgular, kalp atım hızının farklı metabolik alanlarda egzersiz şiddetinin izlenmesinde pratik bir belirteç olarak kullanılmasını desteklemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: laktat eşiği, solunumsal kompanzasyon noktası, kalp atım hızı, egzersiz şiddeti alanları, artımlı egzersiz, rampa testi.

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Cite This Study

Özdenk et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=50). Incremental ramp exercise was evaluated on Delta heart rate across exercise intensity domains. Heart rate increased progressively across exercise intensity domains during incremental ramp exercise, with the largest increase (52.1±13.0 beats, p<0.05) occurring below the lactate threshold.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3d91bf408ebb922448b194https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20828236
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