ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of museums in Pakistan as cultural institutions that contribute to the construction of national identity by promoting cultural diversity, heritage preservation, and inclusive narratives. Using the Folk Heritage Museum, Lok Virsa, in Islamabad as the main case study, along with insights from the Army Museum, Lahore Museum, Peshawar Museum, and Chitral Museum, the research analyzes how museums balance regional histories, religious diversity, minority contributions, and national unity. Based on qualitative interviews, participant observation, and reflective analysis of Lok Virsa's annual Folk Festival 2024, the study identifies key challenges such as resource limitations, accessibility issues, sociopolitical pressures, curatorial constraints, and limited technological integration. While museums often promote national pride through the idea of unity in diversity, the findings show that minority communities remain underrepresented and that cultural diversity is sometimes absorbed into a broader national narrative rather than fully expressed. The study emphasizes the need for more inclusive displays, stronger community engagement, improved accessibility, and digital innovation to transform museums into dynamic cultural hubs. It argues that museums can foster inclusion, cultural understanding, and a shared sense of identity in Pakistan's culturally diverse society.
Noor‐ul‐Huda et al. (2026) studied this question.