In today’s geopolitical climate, small-to-medium-sized states must prioritize societal resilience, including civilian engagement in state-supported paramilitary organizations. Using the Big Five model, this study examines personality traits of members of the Lithuanian paramilitary organization Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga (Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union), comparing their scores on five personality dimensions to those observed in the general population. The findings are interpreted in the four-fold context of general volunteerism, military training, patriotism, and individual and societal resilience. The members’ profile suggests a blend of civic-mindedness, patriotism, and adaptability essential for community resilience. This research highlights the role of state-supported paramilitary groups in strengthening national security and fostering active citizenship.
Monika Maminskaitė (2026) studied this question.