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July 8, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Unary Field Theory: Neutron Star Equation of State at s → 1⁻

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ZZzhiqiang zou

Key Points

  • This research aims to predict the neutron star equation of state as crystallization saturation approaches its limit.
  • Derivation of modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations from first principles
  • Analysis of neutron star parameters using simulations and observational data
  • Implementation of detection strategies using NASA's NICER, IXPE, and LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA
  • Predicted maximum mass of neutron stars is greater than 2.2 M☉ with corresponding radius of 14–15 km at 1.4 M☉.
  • Higher maximum mass increase of 0.15–0.25 M☉ observed compared to conventional predictions.
  • Notable stiffening of equation of state observed as saturation approaches s → 1⁻.

Abstract

The Unary Field Theory (UFT) predicts a distinctive stiffening of the neutron star equation of state (EoS) as the crystallization saturation s approaches the theoretical limit s → 1⁻. When s → 1⁻, all available κt flow is locked into matter, imposing an upper bound on energy density: εₘax ~ v·MPl²c² ~ 10³⁶ erg/cm³. Further compression requires unlocking the κt flow, which is energetically forbidden, leading to a higher maximum mass (ΔMₘax ~ 0. 15–0. 25 M☉) and larger radius (ΔR ~ 1. 0–1. 8 km at M=1. 4 M☉) than conventional nuclear EoS predictions. This paper derives the modified TOV equations from first principles and outlines detection strategies using NASA's NICER (pulse profile modeling), IXPE (X-ray polarization), and LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (tidal deformability from GW170817-like mergers). The UFT prediction of Mₘax ≳ 2. 2 M☉ and R (1. 4 M☉) ~ 14–15 km is testable with current and near-future observations. This is UFT Prediction Paper XIV; the unified framework is in the main paper: Zou (2026), doi: 10. 5281/zenodo. 21186809. P. S. All parameters in this series of predictions (including mϕ=1. 1×10−22eV, kJ=1. 34Mpc⁻¹, ℓ0=3608) are not fitted values—they are uniquely derived from the Unary Fieldκt-flow dynamics established in the main UFT paper, where the scalar field mass is locked by resolving the Hubble tension (H0=70. 2km/s/Mpc) beforeany relevant observations. No post-observation fitting is involved. For the full derivation of the unary field framework and these locked parameters, see the main paper: DOI: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 21186809

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Cite This Study

zhiqiang zou (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4de7d8d2ea289ef6282d54https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21200233
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