Early intervention providers working with Indigenous families are often unaware of the cultural influences that guide the family in parenting practices. Researchers in this study sought to address this issue by using a phenomenological qualitative research approach grounded in the Theory of Cultural Humility and Indigenous epistemology to learn of Navajo parents’ beliefs related to the use of baby equipment. Two pieces of baby equipment commonly used by Navajo families are the traditional cradleboard and the modern-day baby walker, both of which, through a Western medical model lens, pose possible safety risks and developmental consequences, particularly for infants with disabilities seen in early intervention. Results revealed both cultural values and practical reasons influencing the use of baby equipment by Navajo families. Providers working with Navajo families and other unique cultural groups can use these methods for a strengths-based approach using practices grounded in Indigenous frameworks and cultural humility to collaborate with Indigenous families and understand their values for best outcomes.
Donaldson et al. (2026) studied this question.