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As climate change develops reactions such as eco-anxiety, eco-guilt and ecological grief are becoming increasingly common. Our aim was to develop questionnaires to assess these psychological consequences, and to examine their relationship with pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Items of the questionnaires were generated based on literature review and the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews (N=17). The first item pool was administered to a large adult sample (N=4608) along with assessing PEB. The Eco-Guilt Questionnaire (EGuiQ-11) and the Ecological Grief Questionnaire (EGriQ-6) each had a one-factor structure, while the Eco-Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ-22) consisted of two factors: habitual ecological worry and the negative consequences of eco-anxiety. The factors were positively associated with PEB. The questionnaires had a robust factor structure, and they are suitable for the assessment of a wide range of negative emotional states related to climate change and the ecological crisis. Our results indicate the possible utility of negative emotions in reinforcing PEB.
Ágoston et al. (2022) studied this question.